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Earth station transmitter




               Modulator: converts the input baseband signals to an FM, PSK or QAM

                 modulated frequency.
               Up-converter:  converts  the  intermediate  frequency  (IF)  to  an
                 appropriate carrier frequency (RF)

               High  Power  Amplifier  (HPA):  provides  adequate  input  sensitivity  and
                 output power to propagate the signal to the satellite transponder.



















                               Figure 2.15: Block diagram of earth station  transmitter



                          Earth station receiver



              Low noise amplifier (LNA): amplifies the received signal.
              Down converter: converts the received RF signal to an IF.

              Demodulator:  detects  the  information  signal  and  send  to  the
               appropriate baseband outputs
























                                                                                                                     43
                               Figure 2.16: Block diagram of earth station receiver


                                                                             Satellite System Elements
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